(a) General requirements. This course is recommended for students in Grades 11 and 12. Prerequisites: Biology and Chemistry. Recommended prerequisite: a course in the Health Science Career Cluster. Students shall be awarded one credit for successful completion of this course.     
      (b) Introduction.      
        (1) Career and technical education instruction provides content aligned with challenging academic standards and relevant technical knowledge and skills for students to further their education and succeed in current or emerging professions.       
        (2) The Health Science Career Cluster focuses on planning, managing, and providing therapeutic services, diagnostic services, health informatics, support services, and biotechnology research and development.       
        (3) The World Health Research course is designed to examine major world health problems and emerging technologies as solutions to these medical concerns. It is designed to improve students' understanding of the cultural, infrastructural, political, educational, and technological constraints and inspire ideas for appropriate technological solutions to global medical care issues.       
        (4) Students are encouraged to participate in extended learning experiences such as career and technical student organizations and other leadership or extracurricular organizations.       
        (5) Statements that contain the word "including" reference content that must be mastered, while those containing the phrase "such as" are intended as possible illustrative examples.       
      (c) Knowledge and skills.      
        (1) The student demonstrates professional standards/employability skills as required by business and industry. The student is expected to:                  (A) demonstrate verbal and non-verbal communication in a clear, concise, and effective manner; and                   (B) exhibit the ability to cooperate, contribute, and collaborate as a member of a team.         
        (2) The student explores and discusses current major human health problems in the world. The student is expected to:                  (A) describe the pathophysiology of the three leading causes of death in developing and developed countries;                   (B) discuss history of diseases and the evolution of medical technology over time;                   (C) contrast health problems in developing and developed countries;                   (D) describe the function of the World Health Organization;                   (E) define and calculate incidence, morbidity, and mortality; and                   (F) identify and describe the challenges in global health that can have the greatest impact on health in developing nations.         
        (3) The student explains who pays for health care in the world today. The student is expected to:                  (A) compare the availability of health care in developing and developed countries;                   (B) discuss and contrast the four basic health care system models, including the Beveridge Model, Bismarck Model, National Health Insurance Model, and the Out-of-Pocket Model;                   (C) explain how countries such as the United Kingdom, Japan, Germany, Taiwan, Switzerland, and the United States of America pay for health care;                   (D) describe how health care expenditures have changed over time; and                   (E) identify the major contributors to the rising health science industry costs.         
        (4) The student describes the engineering technologies developed to address clinical needs. The student is expected to:                  (A) describe technologies that support the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases;                   (B) explain the implication of vaccines on the immune system;                   (C) investigate technologies used for the early detection of cancer;                   (D) investigate technologies used for the treatment of several different types of cancers;                   (E) explain the cardiovascular system and the technologies used in the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease; and                   (F) describe and discuss technologies developed to support vital organ failure.         
        (5) The student explores how human clinical trials are designed, conducted, and evaluated. The student is expected to:                  (A) identify types of clinical trials;                   (B) define and calculate a sample size; and                   (C) analyze quantitative methods used to describe clinical trials.         
        (6) The student recognizes the ethics involved in clinical research. The student is expected to:                  (A) define informed consent;                   (B) explain who can give informed consent;                   (C) identify issues in research that influence the development of ethical principles and legal requirements currently governing research with human subjects; and                   (D) explain the ethical guidelines for the conduct of research involving human subjects.         
        (7) The student explains how medical technologies are managed. The student is expected to:                  (A) describe how health science research is funded;                   (B) explain the role of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in approving new drugs and medical devices; and                   (C) analyze factors that affect the dissemination of new medical technologies.         
        (8) The student applies research principles to create a project that addresses a major health problem. The student is expected to:                  (A) facilitate data analysis and communicate experimental results clearly and effectively using technology by constructing charts and graphs; and                   (B) present the project to classmates, health professionals, parents, or instructors.         
     Source Note:        The provisions of this §127.407 adopted to be effective April 7, 2022, 47 TexReg 1677