(a) General requirements. This course is recommended for students in Grades 10-12. Recommended prerequisite: Principles of Applied Engineering. Students shall be awarded one credit for successful completion of this course.
(b) Introduction.
  (1) Career and technical education instruction provides content aligned with challenging academic standards and relevant technical knowledge and skills for students to further their education and succeed in current or emerging professions.
  (2) The Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Career Cluster focuses on planning, managing, and providing scientific research and professional and technical services, including laboratory and testing services, and research and development services.
  (3) AC/DC Electronics focuses on the basic electricity principles of alternating current/direct current (AC/DC) circuits. Students will demonstrate knowledge and applications of circuits, electronic measurement, and electronic implementation. Through use of the design process, students will transfer academic skills to component designs in a project-based environment. Students will use a variety of computer hardware and software applications to complete assignments and projects. Additionally, students will explore career opportunities, employer expectations, and educational needs in the electronics industry.
  (4) Students are encouraged to participate in extended learning experiences such as career and technical student organizations and other leadership or extracurricular organizations.
  (5) Statements that contain the word "including" reference content that must be mastered, while those containing the phrase "such as" are intended as possible illustrative examples.
(c) Knowledge and skills.
  (1) The student demonstrates professional standards/employability skills as required by business and industry. The student is expected to:
    (A) demonstrate knowledge of how to dress appropriately, speak politely, and conduct oneself in a manner appropriate for the profession;
    (B) show the ability to cooperate, contribute, and collaborate as a member of a group in an effort to achieve a positive collective outcome;
    (C) present written and oral communication in a clear, concise, and effective manner, including explaining and justifying actions;
    (D) demonstrate time-management skills in prioritizing tasks, following schedules, and performing goal-relevant activities in a way that produces efficient results; and
    (E) demonstrate punctuality, dependability, reliability, and responsibility in performing assigned tasks as directed.
  (2) The student demonstrates the skills necessary for success in a technical career. The student is expected to:
    (A) identify training, education, employment, and career opportunities, including differences between an electronic technician, electronic technologist, and electrical engineer;
    (B) investigate and work toward industry certifications;
    (C) discuss ethical issues related to electronics;
    (D) identify and demonstrate respect for diversity in the workplace;
    (E) identify and demonstrate appropriate actions and consequences relating to discrimination, harassment, and inequality;
    (F) explore career preparation learning experiences, including job shadowing, mentoring, and apprenticeship training; and
    (G) discuss Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) accreditation and implications.
  (3) The student participates in team projects in various roles. The student is expected to:
    (A) explain the importance of teamwork in the field of electronics;
    (B) apply principles of effective teamwork and problem solving, including collaboration and conflict resolution; and
    (C) demonstrate proper attitudes as a team leader and team member.
  (4) The student develops skills for managing a project. The student is expected to:
    (A) implement project management methodologies, including initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, and closing a project;
    (B) develop a project schedule and complete work according to established criteria;
    (C) participate in the organization and operation of a real or simulated engineering project; and
    (D) develop a plan for production of an individual product.
  (5) The student practices safe and proper work habits. The student is expected to:
    (A) master relevant safety tests;
    (B) comply with safety guidelines as described in various manuals, instructions, and regulations;
    (C) identify governmental and organizational regulations for health and safety in the workplace related to electronics;
    (D) identify and classify hazardous materials according to Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations and industry standards;
    (E) dispose of hazardous materials appropriately;
    (F) perform maintenance on selected tools, equipment, and machines;
    (G) handle and store tools and materials correctly; and
    (H) describe the results of improper maintenance of material, tools, and equipment.
  (6) The student develops an understanding of basic direct current (DC) electricity principles. The student is expected to:
    (A) describe DC and give examples of its application and generation;
    (B) demonstrate an understanding of atomic theory and the relationship between atomic number and a material's conductivity and insulation characteristics;
    (C) identify and apply the proper use of electronic schematics and symbols, including switches, voltage, current, ground, resistors, fuses, circuit breakers, volt meters, and amp meters;
    (D) define and describe switches, voltage source, current source, ground, resistors, fuses, circuit breakers, volt meters, amp meters, voltage, current, and resistance;
    (E) identify the resistance value from the resistor color code;
    (F) express Ohm's Law in three forms with appropriate symbols and units;
    (G) express the Power Law in three forms with appropriate symbols and units;
    (H) describe series, parallel, and combination circuits;
    (I) apply Ohm's Law to calculate current, voltage drops, and resistance for each component in a multi-component series, parallel, and combination circuit;
    (J) apply the Power Law to calculate current, voltage drops, resistance, and power for each component in a multi-component series, parallel, and combination circuit; and
    (K) express current and resistance values in both scientific notation and engineering notation.
  (7) The student develops an understanding of basic alternating current (AC) electricity principles. The student is expected to:
    (A) describe AC and give examples of its application and generation;
    (B) calculate peak, peak-to-peak, average, and root mean square (RMS) voltage;
    (C) explain the relationship between mechanical load and current in a generator;
    (D) identify the purpose and application of a transformer;
    (E) identify voltage and current values relative to a turns ratio in a transformer;
    (F) describe and calculate capacitance and capacitive reactance; and
    (G) describe and calculate inductance and inductive reactance.
  (8) The student implements the concepts and skills that form the technical knowledge of electronics using project-based assessments. The student is expected to:
    (A) apply Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's laws, and power laws to actual or simulated circuits;
    (B) build series, parallel, and combination circuits;
    (C) demonstrate an understanding of magnetism and induction as they relate to electronic circuits;
    (D) perform electrical-electronic troubleshooting assignments;
    (E) identify actual electronic components, including resistors, capacitors, switches, fuses, power sources, and inductors;
    (F) explain how torque is produced in a motor; and
    (G) explain where counter electromotive force (CEMF) comes from in a motor.
  (9) The student applies the concepts and skills to simulated and actual work situations. The student is expected to:
    (A) measure and calculate resistance, current, voltage, and power in series, parallel, and complex circuits;
    (B) apply electrical theory to generators, electric motors, and transformers; and
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