(a) General requirements. This course is recommended for students in Grades 10-12. Prerequisite: Algebra I. This course satisfies a high school mathematics graduation requirement. Students shall be awarded one credit for successful completion of this course.
(b) Introduction.
  (1) Career and technical education instruction provides content aligned with challenging academic standards and relevant technical knowledge and skills for students to further their education and succeed in current or emerging professions.
  (2) The Finance Career Cluster focuses on planning, services for financial and investment planning, banking, insurance, and business financial management.
  (3) Financial Mathematics is a course about personal money management. Students will apply critical-thinking skills to analyze personal financial decisions based on current and projected economic factors.
  (4) Financial Mathematics will integrate career and postsecondary education planning into financial decision making.
  (5) The mathematical process standards describe ways in which students are expected to engage in the content. The placement of the process standards at the beginning of the knowledge and skills listed for each grade and course is intentional. The process standards weave the other knowledge and skills together so that students may be successful problem solvers and use mathematics efficiently and effectively in daily life. The process standards are integrated at every grade level and course. When possible, students will apply mathematics to problems arising in everyday life, society, and the workplace. Students will use a problem-solving model that incorporates analyzing given information, formulating a plan or strategy, determining a solution, justifying the solution, and evaluating the problem-solving process and the reasonableness of the solution. Students will select appropriate tools such as real objects, manipulatives, paper and pencil, and technology and techniques such as mental math, estimation, and number sense to solve problems. Students will effectively communicate mathematical ideas, reasoning, and their implications using multiple representations such as symbols, diagrams, graphs, and language. Students will use mathematical relationships to generate solutions and make connections and predictions. Students will analyze mathematical relationships to connect and communicate mathematical ideas. Students will display, explain, or justify mathematical ideas and arguments using precise mathematical language in written or oral communication.
  (6) Students are encouraged to participate in extended learning experiences such as career and technical student organizations and other leadership or extracurricular organizations.
  (7) Statements that contain the word "including" reference content that must be mastered, while those containing the phrase "such as" are intended as possible illustrative examples.
(c) Knowledge and skills.
  (1) The student demonstrates professional standards/employability skills as required by business and industry. The student is expected to:
    (A) demonstrate an understanding of appropriate communication with customers, employers, and coworkers through verbal, nonverbal, or digital means;
    (B) demonstrate an understanding of the use of business etiquette;
    (C) demonstrate an understanding of appropriate customer service such as building customer relationships and resolving customer complaints; and
    (D) demonstrate an understanding of ethical and legal issues in business.
  (2) The student uses mathematical processes to acquire and demonstrate mathematical understanding. The student is expected to:
    (A) apply mathematics to problems arising in everyday life, society, and the workplace;
    (B) use a problem-solving model that incorporates analyzing given information, formulating a plan or strategy, determining a solution, justifying the solution, and evaluating the problem-solving process and the reasonableness of the solution;
    (C) select tools, including real objects, manipulatives, paper and pencil, and technology as appropriate, and techniques, including mental math, estimation, and number sense as appropriate, to solve problems;
    (D) communicate mathematical ideas, reasoning, and their implications using multiple representations, including symbols, diagrams, graphs, and language as appropriate;
    (E) create and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas;
    (F) analyze mathematical relationships to connect and communicate mathematical ideas; and
    (G) display, explain, and justify mathematical ideas and arguments using precise mathematical language in written or oral communication.
  (3) The student applies mathematical process standards to demonstrate an understanding of employment earnings. The student is expected to:
    (A) identify sources of income, including wages and salaries, interest, rent, dividends, and capital gains;
    (B) compare common employee benefits such as health insurance, sick leave, and retirement plans;
    (C) differentiate among and calculate gross, net, and taxable income;
    (D) analyze and interpret payroll deductions, including federal taxes, state taxes, and city taxes, using current tax rates;
    (E) examine and evaluate the reasons for federal income taxation, Social Security taxation, and Medicare taxation, including earnings limitations as applicable;
    (F) calculate net pay;
    (G) compare and contrast between independent contractor earnings and employee earnings, including tax requirements, tax forms (W-2, W-4, 1099, and Form 941), and benefit requirements;
    (H) calculate the various earnings as affected by the laws related to minimum wage, overtime, income from tips, exempt and non-exempt status, and contract and employee status;
    (I) calculate the impact of paying with after-tax dollars versus pre-tax dollars for items such as medicine, services, and investments;
    (J) analyze and interpret total compensation, including payroll, Federal Insurance Contribution Act (FICA) tax, employer cost of benefits, employers' matching costs for FICA and Medicare, and employer match in savings plans, to explain how compensation is more than what is reflected in a paycheck;
    (K) compare total compensation as a self-employed or independent contractor with total compensation as an employee; and
    (L) analyze how economic and other conditions can affect income and career opportunities and the need for lifelong training and education.
  (4) The student applies mathematical process standards to demonstrate an understanding of the various federal taxes. The student is expected to:
    (A) calculate federal income taxes owed or refunded, including the completion of a 1040EZ and 1040, using current rates;
    (B) calculate capital gains tax using current rates;
    (C) calculate self-employment or independent contractor taxes using current rates;
    (D) define and locate sources for current rates for estate and inheritance taxes;
    (E) analyze gift and estate taxes using current rates;
    (F) calculate tax on interest income and use regression methods available through technology to analyze data and interpret the results by tax bracket;
    (G) calculate personal exemptions;
    (H) calculate itemized deductions and compare to standard deductions;
    (I) calculate deductible charitable contributions;
    (J) understand filing status as it applies to X, Y, and Z tax schedules;
    (K) compare marginal tax rates to effective income tax rates and the misuse of these terms in advertising;
    (L) describe the relationships among education tax credit, student loan interest, dependency and filing status, and income tax liability; and
    (M) research and locate options for tax return preparation such as software programs and tax preparation providers.
  (5) The student applies mathematical process standards to demonstrate an understanding of the various financial institutions and accounts. The student is expected to:
    (A) demonstrate an understanding of various forms of financial exchange, including cash, checks, credit cards, debit cards, and electronic funds transfers;
    (B) identify and explain the advantages and disadvantages of interest-bearing accounts such as savings accounts, checking accounts, certificates of deposits, and money market accounts;
    (C) calculate the time value of money, with or without technology, using exponential and rational functions that include graphs, tables, and algebraic methods related to simple and compound interest;
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