(a) General requirements. This course is recommended for students in Grades 11 and 12. Prerequisite: Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) and Refrigeration Technology I. Recommended prerequisite: Principles of Architecture or Principles of Construction. Students shall be awarded two credits for successful completion of this course.
(b) Introduction.
  (1) Career and technical education instruction provides content aligned with challenging academic standards and relevant technical knowledge and skills for students to further their education and succeed in current or emerging professions.
  (2) The Architecture and Construction Career Cluster focuses on designing, planning, managing, building, and maintaining the built environment.
  (3) In Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) and Refrigeration Technology II, students will gain advanced knowledge and skills needed to enter the industry as HVAC and refrigeration technicians or building maintenance technicians or supervisors, prepare for a postsecondary degree in a specified field of construction or construction management, or pursue an approved apprenticeship program. Students will acquire knowledge and skills in safety, electrical theory, use of tools, codes, installation of commercial HVAC equipment, heat pumps, troubleshooting techniques, various duct systems, and maintenance practices.
  (4) Students are encouraged to participate in extended learning experiences such as career and technical student organizations and other leadership or extracurricular organizations.
  (5) Statements that contain the word "including" reference content that must be mastered, while those containing the phrase "such as" are intended as possible illustrative examples.
(c) Knowledge and skills.
  (1) The student demonstrates professional standards/employability skills as required by business and industry. The student is expected to:
    (A) identify job opportunities with their accompanying job duties in occupations such as electrician, building maintenance technician or manager, and electrical engineer; and
    (B) research career pathways along with the education, job skills, and experience required to achieve a career goal.
  (2) The student learns the principles of commercial air systems. The student is expected to:
    (A) identify the differences between types of commercial air systems;
    (B) identify the type of building in which a particular type of system is used; and
    (C) explain the typical range of capacities for a commercial air system.
  (3) The student knows the principles of venting fossil-fuel furnaces and the proper methods for selecting and installing vent systems for gas-fired heating equipment. The student is expected to:
    (A) describe the principles of combustion and explain complete and incomplete combustion;
    (B) describe the content of flue gas and explain how it is vented;
    (C) identify the components of a furnace vent system;
    (D) describe how to select and install a vent system;
    (E) perform the adjustments necessary to achieve proper combustion in a gas furnace;
    (F) describe the techniques for venting different types of furnaces;
    (G) explain the various draft control devices used with natural-draft furnaces;
    (H) calculate the size of a vent required for a given application; and
    (I) adjust a thermostat heat anticipator.
  (4) The student gains knowledge of hot water heating systems, focusing on safe operation of the low-pressure boiler and piping systems commonly used in residential applications. The student is expected to:
    (A) explain the terms and concepts used when working with hot-water heating;
    (B) identify the major components of hot-water heating;
    (C) explain the purpose of each component of hot-water heating;
    (D) demonstrate the safety precautions used when working with hot-water systems;
    (E) demonstrate how to operate selected hot-water systems;
    (F) demonstrate how to safely perform selected operating procedures on low-pressure systems;
    (G) identify the common piping configurations used with hot-water heating;
    (H) explain how to read the pressure across a water system circulating pump;
    (I) calculate heating water flow rates; and
    (J) select a pump for a given application.
  (5) The student learns the basic principles, processes, and devices used to control humidity and air clean-lines as well as devices used to conserve energy in HVAC systems. The student is expected to:
    (A) explain why it is important to control humidity in a building;
    (B) recognize the various kinds of humidifiers used with HVAC systems and explain why each is used;
    (C) demonstrate how to install and service the humidifiers used in HVAC systems;
    (D) recognize the kinds of air filters used with HVAC systems and explain why each is used;
    (E) demonstrate how to install and service the filters used in HVAC systems;
    (F) use a manometer or differential pressure gauge to measure the friction loss of an air filter;
    (G) identify accessories commonly used with air conditioning systems to improve indoor air quality and reduce energy cost and explain the function of each, including humidity control devices, air filtration devices, and energy conservation devices; and
    (H) demonstrate or describe how to clean an electronic air cleaner.
  (6) The student gains the knowledge and skills in the handling of refrigerant and equipment servicing procedures to service HVAC systems in an environmentally safe manner. The student is expected to:
    (A) identify the common types of leak detectors and explain how each is used;
    (B) perform leak detection tests using selected methods;
    (C) identify the service equipment used for evacuating a system and explain why each item of equipment is used;
    (D) perform system evacuation and dehydration;
    (E) identify the service equipment used for recovering refrigerant from a system and for recycling the recovered refrigerant and explain why each item of equipment is used;
    (F) perform a refrigerant recovery;
    (G) evacuate a system to a deep vacuum;
    (H) identify the service equipment used for charging refrigerant into a system and explain why each item of equipment is used;
    (I) use nitrogen to purge a system; and
    (J) charge refrigerant into a system using various methods, including weight, superheat, sub-cooling, and charging pressure chart.
  (7) The student gains knowledge of transformers, single-phase and three-phase power distribution, capacitors, theory and operation of induction motors, and instruments and techniques used in testing alternating current circuits and components. The student is expected to:
    (A) describe the operation of various types of transformers;
    (B) explain how alternating current is developed and draw a sine wave;
    (C) identify single-phase and three-phase wiring arrangements;
    (D) explain how phase shift occurs in inductors and capacitors;
    (E) describe the types of capacitors and their applications;
    (F) explain the operation of single-phase and three-phase induction motors;
    (G) identify the various types of single-phase motors and their applications;
    (H) state and demonstrate the safety precautions that must be followed when working with electrical equipment; and
    (I) test alternating current components, including capacitors, transformers, and motors.
  (8) The student learns the theory of solid-state electronics as well as the operation, use, and testing of the various electronic components used in HVAC equipment. The student is expected to:
    (A) explain the theory of electronics and semiconductors;
    (B) explain how various semiconductor devices such as diodes, light emitting diodes, and photo diodes work and how the devices are used in power and control circuits;
    (C) identify different types of resistors and explain how their resistance values can be determined;
    (D) describe the operation and function of thermistors and cad cells;
    (E) test semiconductor components; and
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