(a) Corporations.
  (1) Pursuant to §22.0561 of the Business Organizations Code, a physician and a physician assistant may form a corporation to perform a professional service that falls within the scope of practice of those practitioners.
  (2) A physician assistant may not:
    (A) be an officer of the corporation;
    (B) contract with or employ a physician to be a supervising physician of the physician assistant or of any physician in the corporation;
    (C) direct the activities of a physician in the practice of medicine;
    (D) interfere with supervision of physician assistants by a physician owner or supervising physician;
    (E) own individually or in combination with other physician assistants more than a minority ownership interest in an entity created under this subsection; or
    (F) have an ownership interest that equals or exceeds the ownership interest of any physician owner.
(b) Partnerships.
  (1) Pursuant to §152.0551 of the Business Organizations Code, physicians and physician assistants may create a partnership to perform a professional service that falls within the scope of practice of those practitioners.
  (2) A physician assistant may not:
    (A) be a general partner or participate in the management of the partnership;
    (B) contract with or employ a physician to be a supervising physician of the physician assistant or of any physician in the partnership;
    (C) direct the activities of a physician in the practice of medicine;
    (D) interfere with supervision of physician assistants by a physician owner or supervising physician;
    (E) individually or in combination with other physician assistants have more than a minority ownership interest in the partnership; or
    (F) have an ownership interest that equals or exceeds the ownership interest of any physician owner.
  (3) An organizer of the entity, as defined under §3.004 of the Texas Business Organization Code, must be a physician and ensure that a physician or physicians control and manage the entity.
(c) Professional Associations and Professional Limited Liability Companies.
  (1) Pursuant to §301.012 of the Business Organizations Code, physicians and physician assistants may form and own a professional association or professional limited liability company to perform a professional service that falls within the scope of practice of those practitioners.
  (2) A physician assistant may not:
    (A) be an officer in the professional association or professional limited liability company;
    (B) contract with or employ a physician to be a supervising physician of the physician assistant or of any physician in the professional association or professional limited liability company;
    (C) direct the activities of a physician in the practice of medicine;
    (D) interfere with supervision of physician assistants by a physician owner or supervising physician;
    (E) individually or in combination with other physician assistants have more than a minority ownership interest in the professional association or professional limited liability company; or
    (F) have an ownership interest that equals or exceeds the ownership interest of any physician owner.
  (3) An organizer of the entity, as defined under §3.004 of the Texas Business Organization Code, must be a physician and ensure that a physician or physicians control and manage the entity.
(d) All physicians and physician assistants who jointly own an entity must annually submit a joint form to the Board providing date of formation of the entity, each licensee's ownership interest in the entity, proof of ownership, and proof of date of formation, along with required fees as provided in Chapter 175 of this title (relating to Fees and Penalties).
(e) Restrictions on ownership interests, shall apply only to those entities formed on or after June 17, 2011. An ownership interest acquired before the effective date of this Act is governed by the law in effect at the time the interest was acquired.
(f) This section shall not apply to pain management clinics owned and operated pursuant to Chapter 195 of this title (relating to Pain Management Clinics).

Source Note: The provisions of this §177.16 adopted to be effective December 22, 2011, 36 TexReg 8548; amended to be effective March 7, 2012, 37 TexReg 1514; amended to be effective January 20, 2014, 39 TexReg 282; amended to be effective October 9, 2016, 41 TexReg 7713