Sec. 462.009.  CONSENT TO TREATMENT.  (a)  A patient receiving treatment in a treatment facility is entitled to refuse a medication, therapy, or treatment unless:
(1)  the patient is younger than 18 years of age, the patient is admitted under Section 462.022(a)(3)(A), and the patient's parent, managing conservator, or guardian consents to the medication, therapy, or treatment on behalf of the patient;
(2)  the patient has been adjudicated to be incompetent to manage the patient's personal affairs or to make a decision to refuse the medication, therapy, or treatment and the patient's guardian of the person or another person legally authorized to consent to medical treatment consents to the medication, therapy, or treatment on behalf of the patient;  or
(3)  a physician treating the patient determines that the medication is necessary to prevent imminent serious physical harm to the patient or to another individual and the physician issues a written order, or a verbal order if authenticated in writing by the physician within 24 hours, to administer the medication to the patient.
(b)  The decision of a guardian or of a person legally authorized to consent to medical treatment on the patient's behalf under Subsection (a)(2) must be based on knowledge of what the patient would desire, if known.
(c)  A patient's refusal to receive medication, therapy, or treatment under Subsection (a), or a patient's attempt to refuse if the patient's right to refuse is limited by that subsection, shall be documented in the patient's clinical record together with the patient's expressed reason for refusal.
(d)  If a physician orders a medication to be administered to a patient under Subsection (a)(3), the physician shall document in the patient's clinical record in specific medical and behavioral terms the reasons for the physician's determination of the necessity of the order.
(e)  Consent given by a patient or by a person authorized by law to consent to treatment on the patient's behalf for the administration of a medication, therapy, or treatment is valid only if:
(1)  for consent to therapy or treatment:
(A)  the consent is given voluntarily and without coercive or undue influence; and
(B)  before administration of the therapy or treatment, the treating physician or the psychologist, social worker, professional counselor, or chemical dependency counselor explains to the patient and to the person giving consent, in simple, nontechnical language:
(i)  the specific condition to be treated;
(ii)  the beneficial effects on that condition expected from the therapy or treatment;
(iii)  the probable health and mental health consequences of not consenting to the therapy or treatment;
(iv)  the side effects and risks associated with the therapy or treatment;
(v)  the generally accepted alternatives to the therapy or treatment, if any, and whether an alternative might be appropriate for the patient; and
(vi)  the proposed course of the therapy or treatment;
(2)  for consent to the administration of medication:
(A)  the consent is given voluntarily and without coercive or undue influence; and
(B)  the treating physician provides each explanation required by Subdivision (1)(B) to the patient and to the person giving consent in simple, nontechnical language; and
(3)  for consent to medication, therapy, or treatment, the informed consent is evidenced in the patient's clinical record by a signed form prescribed by the department for this purpose or by a statement of the treating physician or the psychologist, social worker, professional counselor, or chemical dependency counselor who obtained the consent that documents that consent was given by the appropriate person and the circumstances under which the consent was obtained.
(f)  A person who consents to the administration of a medication, therapy, or treatment may revoke the consent at any time and for any reason, regardless of the person's capacity.  Revocation of consent is effective immediately and further medication, therapy, or treatment may not be administered unless new consent is obtained in accordance with this section.
(g)  Consent given by a patient or by a person authorized by law to consent to treatment on the patient's behalf applies to a series of doses of medication or to multiple therapies or treatments for which consent was previously granted.  If the treating physician or the psychologist, social worker, professional counselor, or chemical dependency counselor obtains new information relating to a therapy or treatment for which consent was previously obtained, the physician or the psychologist, social worker, professional counselor, or chemical dependency counselor must explain the new information and obtain new consent. If the treating physician obtains new information relating to a medication for which consent was previously obtained, the physician must explain the new information and obtain new consent.
(h)  This section does not apply to a treatment facility licensed by the department under Chapter 464.
Added by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 903, Sec. 1.14, eff. Aug. 30, 1993.  Amended by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1216, Sec. 2, eff. June 15, 2001.
Amended by: 
Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 345 (H.B. 3146), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2011.
Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1 (S.B. 219), Sec. 3.1162, eff. April 2, 2015.
Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1211 (S.B. 1560), Sec. 2, eff. June 19, 2015.