(a) Manager qualifications. Each facility must designate, in writing, a manager to have authority over the operation.
  (1) Qualifications. In small facilities, the manager must have proof of graduation from an accredited high school or certification of equivalency of graduation. In large facilities, a manager must have:
    (A) an associate's degree in nursing, health care management, or a related field;
    (B) a bachelor's degree; or
    (C) proof of graduation from an accredited high school or certification of equivalency of graduation and at least one year of experience working in management or in health care industry management.
  (2) Training in management of assisted living facilities. A manager must complete at least one educational course on the management of assisted living facilities, which must include information on the assisted living standards; resident characteristics (including dementia), resident assessment and skills working with residents; basic principles of management; food and nutrition services; federal laws, with an emphasis on accessibility requirements under the Americans with Disabilities Act; community resources; ethics, and financial management.
    (A) The course must be at least 24 hours in length.
      (i) A manager must complete eight hours of training on the assisted living standards within the first three months of employment.
      (ii) The 24-hour training requirement may not be met through in-services at the facility, but may be met through structured, formalized classes, correspondence courses, training videos, distance learning programs, or off-site training courses. All training must be provided or produced by academic institutions, assisted living corporations, or recognized state or national organizations or associations. Subject matter that deals with the internal affairs of an organization will not qualify for credit.
      (iii) Evidence of training must be on file at the facility and must contain documentation of content, hours, dates, and provider.
    (B) A manager who can show documentation of a previously completed comparable course of study are exempt from the training requirements.
    (C) A manager must complete the training required by subparagraph (A) or (B) of this paragraph, as applicable, by the first anniversary of employment as manager.
    (D) An assisted living manager who was employed by a licensed assisted living facility as the manager and changes employment to another licensed assisted living facility as the manager, with a break in employment of no longer than 30 days, is exempt from the 24-hour training requirement.
  (3) Continuing education. All managers must show evidence of 12 hours of annual continuing education. This requirement will be met during the first year of employment by the 24-hour assisted living management course. The annual continuing education requirement must include at least two of the following areas:
    (A) resident and provider rights and responsibilities, abuse and neglect, and confidentiality;
    (B) basic principles of management;
    (C) skills for working with residents, families, and other professional service providers;
    (D) resident characteristics and needs;
    (E) community resources;
    (F) accounting and budgeting;
    (G) basic emergency first aid; or
    (H) federal laws, such as the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended; the Civil Rights Act of 1991; the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended; the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993; and the Fair Housing Act, as amended.
  (4) Manager's responsibilities. The manager must be on duty 40 hours per week and may manage only one facility, except for managers of small Type A facilities, who may have responsibility for no more than 16 residents in no more than four facilities. The managers of small Type A facilities must be available by telephone or pager when conducting facility business off-site.
  (5) Manager's absence. An employee competent and authorized to act in the absence of the manager must be designated in writing.
(b) Attendants. Full-time facility attendants must be at least 18 years old or a high-school graduate.
  (1) An attendant must be in the facility at all times when residents are in the facility.
  (2) Attendants are not precluded from performing other functions as required by the facility.
(c) Staffing.
  (1) A facility must develop and implement staffing policies, which require staffing ratios based upon the needs of the residents, as identified in their service plans.
  (2) Prior to admission, a facility must disclose, to prospective residents and their families, the facility's normal 24-hour staffing pattern and post it monthly in accordance with §553.271 of this subchapter (relating to Postings).
  (3) A facility must have sufficient staff to:
    (A) maintain order, safety, and cleanliness;
    (B) assist with medication regimens;
    (C) prepare and serve meals that meet the daily nutritional and special dietary needs of each resident, in accordance with each resident's service plan;
    (D) assist with laundry;
    (E) assure that each resident receives the kind and amount of supervision and care required to meet his basic needs; and
    (F) ensure safe evacuation of the facility in the event of an emergency.
  (4) A facility must meet the staffing requirements described in this subparagraph.
    (A) Type A facility: Night shift staff in a small facility must be immediately available. In a large facility, the staff must be immediately available and awake.
    (B) Type B facility: Night shift staff must be immediately available and awake, regardless of the number of licensed beds.
(d) Staff training. The facility must document that staff members are competent to provide personal care before assuming responsibilities and have received the following training.
  (1) All staff members must complete four hours of orientation before assuming any job responsibilities. Training must cover, at a minimum, the following topics:
    (A) reporting of abuse and neglect;
    (B) confidentiality of resident information;
    (C) universal precautions;
    (D) conditions about which they should notify the facility manager;
    (E) residents' rights; and
    (F) emergency and evacuation procedures.
  (2) Attendants must complete 16 hours of on-the-job supervision and training within the first 16 hours of employment following orientation. Training must include:
    (A) providing assistance with the activities of daily living;
    (B) resident's health conditions and how they may affect provision of tasks;
    (C) safety measures to prevent accidents and injuries;
    (D) emergency first aid procedures, such as the Heimlich maneuver and actions to take when a resident falls, suffers a laceration, or experiences a sudden change in physical or mental status;
    (E) managing disruptive behavior;
    (F) behavior management, for example, prevention of aggressive behavior and de-escalation techniques, practices to decrease the frequency of the use of restraint, and alternatives to restraints; and
    (G) fall prevention.
  (3) Direct care staff must complete six documented hours of education annually, based on each employee's hire date. Staff must complete one hour of annual training in fall prevention and one hour of training in behavior management, for example, prevention of aggressive behavior and de-escalation techniques, practices to decrease the frequency of the use of restraint, and alternatives to restraints. Training for these subjects must be competency-based. Subject matter must address the unique needs of the facility. Suggested topics include:
    (A) promoting resident dignity, independence, individuality, privacy, and choice;
    (B) resident rights and principles of self-determination;
    (C) communication techniques for working with residents with hearing, visual, or cognitive impairment;
    (D) communicating with families and other persons interested in the resident;
    (E) common physical, psychological, social, and emotional conditions and how these conditions affect residents' care;
    (F) essential facts about common physical and mental disorders, for example, arthritis, cancer, dementia, depression, heart and lung diseases, sensory problems, or stroke;
    (G) cardiopulmonary resuscitation;
Cont'd...