(a) HHSC inspection and survey personnel perform inspections and surveys, follow-up visits, complaint investigations, investigations of abuse or neglect, and other contact visits from time to time as they deem appropriate or as required for carrying out the responsibilities of licensing.
(b) An inspection may be conducted by an individual qualified surveyor or by a team, of which at least one member is a qualified surveyor.
(c) To determine standard compliance which cannot be verified during regular working hours, night or weekend inspections may be conducted to cover specific segments of operation and will be completed with the least possible interference to staff and residents.
(d) Generally, all inspections, surveys, complaint investigations and other visits, whether routine or non-routine, made for the purpose of determining the appropriateness of resident care and day-to-day operations of a facility will be unannounced; any exceptions must be justified. Releasing advance information of an unannounced inspection is a third degree felony, as provided in §242.045 of the Health and Safety Code.
(e) Certain visits may be announced, including, but not limited to, consultation visits to determine how a physical plant may be expanded or upgraded and visits to determine the progress of physical plant construction or repairs, equipment installation or repairs, or systems installation or repairs or conditions when certain emergencies arise, such as fire, windstorm, or malfunctioning or nonfunctioning of electrical or mechanical systems.
(f) Persons authorized to receive advance information on unannounced inspections include:
  (1) citizen advocates invited to attend inspections, as described in subsection (g) of this section;
  (2) the State Ombudsman, a certified ombudsman, and an ombudsman intern who are authorized to attend and participate in inspections;
  (3) representatives of the United States Department of Health and Human Services whose programs relate to the Medicare/Medicaid Long Term Care Program; and
  (4) representatives of HHSC whose programs relate to the Medicare/Medicaid long term care program.
(g) HHSC conducts at least one unannounced inspection annually of each institution licensed under Health and Safety Code, Chapter 242, except as provided for in this subsection. For purposes of this subsection, "annually" means a statewide average of once every 12 months.
  (1) In order to ensure continuous compliance, a sufficient number of inspections will be conducted between the hours of 5:00 p.m. and 8:00 a.m. in randomly selected institutions. This cursory after-hours inspection is conducted to verify staffing, assurance of emergency egress, resident care, medication security, food service or nourishments, sanitation, and other items as deemed appropriate. To the greatest extent feasible, any disruption of the residents is minimal.
  (2) For at least one unannounced inspection annually, HHSC invites to the inspections at least one person as a citizen advocate from the Ombudsman Program or any other statewide organization for older adults. HHSC provides to these organizations basic licensing information and requirements for the organizations' dissemination to their members whom they engage to attend the inspections. Advocates participating in the inspections must follow all protocols of HHSC. Advocates provide their own transportation. The schedule of inspections in this category are arranged confidentially in advance with the organizations. Participation by the advocates is not a condition precedent to conducting the inspection.
(h) The facility must make all of its books, records, and other documents maintained by or on behalf of a facility accessible to HHSC upon request.
  (1) During an inspection, survey, or investigation, HHSC is authorized to photocopy documents, photograph residents, and use any other available recordation devices to preserve all relevant evidence of conditions that HHSC reasonably believes threaten the health and safety of a resident.
  (2) Examples of records and documents which may be requested and photocopied or otherwise reproduced are resident medical records, including nursing notes, pharmacy records medication records, and physician's orders.
  (3) When the facility is requested to furnish the copies, the facility may charge HHSC at the rate not to exceed the rate charged by HHSC for copies. The procedure of copying is the responsibility of the administrator or his designee. If copying requires the records be removed from the facility, a representative of the facility is expected to accompany the records and assure their order and preservation.
  (4) HHSC protects the copies for privacy and confidentiality in accordance with recognized standards of medical records practice, applicable state laws, and HHSC policy.
(i) HHSC provides for a special team to conduct validation surveys or verify findings of previous licensure surveys.
  (1) At HHSC's discretion, based on record review, random sample, or any other determination, HHSC may assign a team to conduct a validation survey. HHSC may use the information to verify previous determinations or identify training needs to assure consistency in deficiencies cited and in punitive actions recommended throughout the state.
  (2) Facilities are required to correct any additional deficiencies cited by the validation team but are not subject to any new or additional punitive action.

Source Note: The provisions of this §554.2002 adopted to be effective May 1, 1995, 20 TexReg 2393; amended to be effective March 1, 1998, 23 TexReg 1314; amended to be effective April 5, 2018, 43 TexReg 2017; transferred effective January 15, 2021, as published in the Texas Register December 11, 2020, 45 TexReg 8871; amended to be effective December 6, 2022, 47 TexReg 7712