The design of the mechanical systems must be done by or under the direction of a registered professional (mechanical) engineer approved by the Texas Board of Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors to operate in Texas, and the parts of the plans and specifications covering mechanical design must bear the legible seal of the engineer. Building services pertaining to utilities; heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems; vertical conveyors; and chutes must be in accordance with NFPA 101. Required plumbing fixtures must be in accordance with NFPA 101 and §554.334 of this chapter (relating to Architectural Space Planning and Utilization) in specific use areas.
  (1) Plumbing.
    (A) All plumbing systems must be designed and installed in accordance with the requirements of the plumbing code of the municipality. In the absence of a municipal code, a nationally recognized plumbing code must be used. Any discrepancy between an applicable code and these requirements must be called to the attention of HHSC.
    (B) Supply systems must assure an adequacy of hot and cold water. An average rule-of-thumb design for hot water for resident usage (at 110 degrees Fahrenheit) is to provide 6-1/2 gallons per hour per resident in addition to kitchen and laundry use.
    (C) Water supply must be from a system approved by TCEQ, or from a system regulated by an entity responsible for water quality in that jurisdiction as approved by TCEQ.
    (D) The sewage system must connect to a system permitted by TCEQ, or to a system regulated by an entity responsible for water quality in that jurisdiction as approved by TCEQ.
    (E) The minimum ratio of fixtures to residents shall be as required in §554.334(c) of this chapter.
    (F) For design calculation purposes, resident-use hot water must not exceed 110 degrees Fahrenheit at the fixture. For purposes of conforming to licensure requirements, an operating system providing water from 100 degrees Fahrenheit to 115 degrees Fahrenheit is acceptable. Hot water for laundry and kitchen use must be normally 140 degrees Fahrenheit except that dish sanitizing, if done by hot water, must be 180 degrees Fahrenheit.
    (G) Water closets raised to provide a seat height 17 inches to 19 inches from the floor is required for persons with disabilities.
    (H) Showers for wheelchair residents must not have curbs. Tub and shower bottoms must have a slip-resistant surface. Shower and tub enclosures, other than curtains, must be of tempered glass, plastic, and other safe materials.
    (I) Drinking fountains must not extend into exit corridors.
    (J) Fixture controls easily operable by residents must be provided (such as lever type).
    (K) Plumbing fixtures for residents must be vitreous china or porcelain finished cast iron or steel unless otherwise approved by HHSC. Bathing units constructed of class B fire rated fiberglass are acceptable for use.
    (L) Hand-washing sinks for staff use are required in many areas throughout the facility in accordance with §554.334 of this chapter (relating to Architectural Space Planning and Utilization). Lavatories are required to be provided adjacent to water closets in each area.
    (M) The soiled utility room must be provided with a flushing device such as a water closet with bedpan lugs, a spray hose with a siphon breaker or similar device, such as a high neck faucet with lever controls and a deep sink that is large enough to submerse a bedpan. A sterilizer for sanitizing may be used in place of a deep sink.
    (N) Siphon breakers or back-flow preventers must be installed with any water supply fixture where the outlet or attachments may be submerged.
    (O) Clean-outs for waste piping lines must be provided and located so that there is the least physical and sanitary hazard to residents. Where possible, clean-outs must open to the exterior or areas which would not spread contamination during clean-out procedures.
    (P) All boilers not exempted by the Texas Health and Safety Code §755.022 must be inspected and certified for operation by The Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation.
  (2) Heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems.
    (A) Heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems must be designed and installed in accordance with the Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning Guide of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), except as may be modified by this section.
    (B) Heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems must meet the requirements of NFPA 101 and NFPA 90A. The plans must have a statement verifying that the systems are designed to conform to NFPA 90A. Requirements for conditions related to smoke compartmentation must be in accordance with §554.336 of this chapter (relating to Smoke Compartmentation (Subdivision of Building Spaces)).
    (C) Systems using liquefied petroleum gas fuel must meet the requirements of the Railroad Commission of Texas and NFPA 58.
    (D) The heating system must be designed, installed, and functioning to be able to maintain a temperature of at least 75 degrees Fahrenheit for all areas occupied by residents. For all other occupied areas, the indoor design temperature must be at least 72 degrees Fahrenheit. The cooling system must be designed, installed, and functioning to be able to maintain a temperature of not more than 78 degrees Fahrenheit. A facility constructed or licensed after January 1, 2004, must have a central air conditioning system, or a substantially similar air conditioning system, that is capable of maintaining a temperature suitable for resident comfort within areas used by residents. Occupied areas generating high heat, such as kitchens, must be provided with a sufficient cool air supply to maintain a temperature not exceeding 85 degrees Fahrenheit at the five-foot level. Supply air volume must be approximately equal to the air volume exhausted to the exterior for these areas.
    (E) Air systems must provide for mixing at least 10 percent outside air for the supply distribution. Blowers for central heating and cooling systems must be designed so that they may run continuously.
    (F) Floor furnaces, unvented space heaters, and portable heating units must not be used. Heating devices or appliances must not be a burn hazard (to touch) to residents.
    (G) A combustion fresh air inlet must be provided to all gas or fossil fuel operated equipment in steel ducts or passages from outside the building in accordance with NFPA 54. Rooms must also be vented to the exterior to exhaust heated ambient air in the room. Combustion air will require one vent within 12 inches of the floor and one vent within 12 inches of the ceiling.
    (H) The location and design of air diffusers, registers, and return air grilles, must ensure that residents are not in harmful or excessive drafts in their normal usage of the room.
    (I) In areas requiring control of sanitation, the air flow must be from the clean area to the dirty area. Air supply to food preparation areas must not be from air which has circulated places such as resident bedrooms and baths.
    (J) Air from unsanitary areas such as janitors closets, soiled linen areas, utility areas, and soiled area of laundry rooms, must not be returned and recirculated to other areas.
    (K) Intakes for fresh outside air must be located sufficiently distant from exhaust outlets or other areas or conditions which may contaminate or otherwise pollute the incoming fresh air. Fresh air inlets must be appropriately screened to prevent entry of debris, rodents, and animals. Provision must be made for access to such screens for periodic inspection and cleaning to eliminate clogging or air stoppage (see paragraph (3)(C)(i) of this subsection).
    (L) Systems must be designed as much as possible to avoid having ducts passing through fire walls or smoke barrier walls. All openings or duct penetrations in these walls must be provided with approved automatic dampers. Smoke dampers at smoke partitions must close automatically upon activation of the fire alarm system to prevent the flow of air or smoke in either direction.
    (M) Ducts with smoke dampers must have maintenance panels for inspections. The maintenance panels must be removable without tools. Means of access must also be provided in the ceiling or side wall to facilitate smoke damper inspection readily and without obstruction. Location of dampers must be identified on the wall or ceiling of the occupied area below.
    (N) Fusible links are not approved for smoke dampers.
    (O) Central air supply systems and/or systems serving means of egress must automatically and immediately shut down upon activation of the fire alarm system. (An exception must be approved, engineered smoke-removal systems.)
    (P) Ducts must be of metal or other approved noncombustible material. Cooling ducts must be insulated against condensation drip.
  (3) Ventilating and exhaust.
Cont'd...