The following shall be in addition to risks and hazards of the same surgery when done as an open procedure.
  (1) Damage during introduction of trocar to adjacent intra-abdominal structures (e.g., organs, blood vessels, or other vital tissues) and potential need for additional surgery.
  (2) Trocar site complications (e.g., hematoma/bleeding, leakage of fluid, or hernia formation).
  (3) Air embolus (bubble causing heart failure or stroke).
  (4) Postoperative pneumothorax (collapsed lung).
  (5) Subcutaneous emphysema (air in between skin layers).
  (6) Change during the procedure to an open procedure.
  (7) If cancer is present, may increase the risk of the spread of cancer.

Source Note: The provisions of this §602.19 adopted to be effective December 26, 2023, 48 TexReg 7985