Sec. 431.082. MISBRANDED FOOD. A food shall be deemed to be misbranded:

(a) if its labeling is false or misleading in any particular or fails to conform with the requirements of Section 431.181;

(b) if, in the case of a food to which Section 411 of the federal Act applies, its advertising is false or misleading in a material respect or its labeling is in violation of Section 411(b)(2) of the federal Act;

(c) if it is offered for sale under the name of another food;

(d) if it is an imitation of another food, unless its label bears, in prominent type of uniform size, the word "imitation" and immediately thereafter the name of the food imitated;

(d-1) if it is an analogue product of meat, a meat food product, poultry, a poultry product, an egg product, or fish, unless its label bears in prominent type equal to or greater in size than the surrounding type and in close proximity to the name of the product one of the following:

(1) "analogue";

(2) "meatless";

(3) "plant-based";

(4) "made from plants"; or

(5) a similar qualifying term or disclaimer intended to clearly communicate to a consumer the contents of the product;

(e) if its container is so made, formed, or filled as to be misleading;

(f) if in package form unless it bears a label containing:

(1) the name and place of business of the manufacturer, packer, or distributor; and

(2) an accurate statement, in a uniform location on the principal display panel of the label, of the quantity of the contents in terms of weight, measure, or numerical count; provided, that under this subsection reasonable variations shall be permitted, and exemptions as to small packages shall be established, by department rules;

(g) if any word, statement, or other information required by or under the authority of this chapter to appear on the label or labeling is not prominently placed thereon with such conspicuousness (as compared with other words, statements, designs, or devices in the labeling) and in such terms as to render it likely to be read and understood by the ordinary individual under customary conditions of purchase and use;

(h) if it purports to be or is represented as a food for which a definition and standard of identity has been prescribed by federal regulations or department rules as provided by Section 431.245, unless:

(1) it conforms to such definition and standard; and

(2) its label bears the name of the food specified in the definition and standard, and, in so far as may be required by those regulations or rules, the common names of ingredients, other than spices, flavoring, and coloring, present in such food;

(i) if it purports to be or is represented as:

(1) a food for which a standard of quality has been prescribed by federal regulations or department rules as provided by Section 431.245, and its quality falls below such standard unless its label bears, in such manner and form as those regulations or rules specify, a statement that it falls below such standard; or

(2) a food for which a standard or standards of fill of container have been prescribed by federal regulations or department rules as provided by Section 431.245, and it falls below the standard of fill of container applicable thereto, unless its label bears, in such manner and form as those regulations or rules specify, a statement that it falls below such standard;

(j) unless its label bears:

(1) the common or usual name of the food, if any; and

(2) in case it is fabricated from two or more ingredients, the common or usual name of each such ingredient, and if the food purports to be a beverage containing vegetable or fruit juice, a statement with appropriate prominence on the information panel of the total percentage of the fruit or vegetable juice contained in the food; except that spices, flavorings, and colors not required to be certified under Section 721(c) of the federal Act, other than those sold as such, may be designated as spices, flavorings, and colors, without naming each; provided that, to the extent that compliance with the requirements of this subdivision is impractical or results in deception or unfair competition, exemptions shall be established by department rules;

(k) if it purports to be or is represented for special dietary uses, unless its label bears such information concerning its vitamin, mineral, and other dietary properties as the executive commissioner determines to be, and by rule prescribed, as necessary in order to fully inform purchasers as to its value for such uses;

(l) if it bears or contains any artificial flavoring, artificial coloring, or chemical preservative, unless it bears labeling stating that fact; provided that, to the extent that compliance with the requirements of this subsection is impracticable, exemptions shall be established by department rules. The provisions of this subsection and Subsections (h) and (j) with respect to artificial coloring do not apply in the case of butter, cheese, and ice cream;

(m) if it is a raw agricultural commodity that is the produce of the soil and bears or contains a pesticide chemical applied after harvest, unless the shipping container of the commodity bears labeling that declares the presence of the chemical in or on the commodity and the common or usual name and the function of the chemical, except that the declaration is not required while the commodity, after removal from the shipping container, is being held or displayed for sale at retail out of the container in accordance with the custom of the trade;

(n) if it is a product intended as an ingredient of another food and if used according to the directions of the purveyor will result in the final food product being adulterated or misbranded;

(o) if it is a color additive, unless its packaging and labeling are in conformity with the packaging and labeling requirements applicable to the color additive as may be contained in regulations issued under Section 721 of the federal Act;

(p) if its packaging or labeling is in violation of an applicable regulation issued under Section 3 or 4 of the federal Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 1970 (15 U.S.C. 1472 or 1473);

(q)(1) if it is a food intended for human consumption and is offered for sale, unless its label or labeling bears nutrition information that provides:

(A)(i) the serving size that is an amount customarily consumed and that is expressed in a common household measure that is appropriate to the food; or

(ii) if the use of the food is not typically expressed in a serving size, the common household unit of measure that expresses the serving size of the food;

(B) the number of servings or other units of measure per container;

(C) the total number of calories in each serving size or other unit of measure that are:

(i) derived from any source; and

(ii) derived from fat;

(D) the amount of total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, total carbohydrates, complex carbohydrates, sugar, dietary fiber, and total protein contained in each serving size or other unit of measure; and

(E) any vitamin, mineral, or other nutrient required to be placed on the label and labeling of food under the federal Act; or

(2)(A) if it is a food distributed at retail in bulk display cases, or a food received in bulk containers, unless it has nutrition labeling prescribed by the secretary; and

(B) if the secretary determines it is necessary, nutrition labeling will be mandatory for raw fruits, vegetables, and fish, including freshwater or marine finfish, crustaceans, mollusks including shellfish, amphibians, and other forms of aquatic animal life, except that:

(3)(A) Subdivisions (1) and (2) do not apply to food:

(i) that is served in restaurants or other establishments in which food is served for immediate human consumption or that is sold for sale or use in those establishments;

(ii) that is processed and prepared primarily in a retail establishment, that is ready for human consumption, that is of the type described in Subparagraph (i), that is offered for sale to consumers but not for immediate human consumption in the establishment, and that is not offered for sale outside the establishment;

(iii) that is an infant formula subject to Section 412 of the federal Act;

(iv) that is a medical food as defined in Section 5(b) of the Orphan Drug Act (21 U.S.C. Section 360ee(b)); or

(v) that is described in Section 405, clause (2), of the federal Act;

(B) Subdivision (1) does not apply to the label of a food if the secretary determines by regulation that compliance with that subdivision is impracticable because the package of the food is too small to comply with the requirements of that subdivision and if the label of that food does not contain any nutrition information;

(C) if the secretary determines that a food contains insignificant amounts of all the nutrients required by Subdivision (1) to be listed in the label or labeling of food, the requirements of Subdivision (1) do not apply to the food if the label, labeling, or advertising of the food does not make any claim with respect to the nutritional value of the food, provided that if the secretary determines that a food contains insignificant amounts of more than half the nutrients required by Subdivision (1) to be in the label or labeling of the food, the amounts of those nutrients shall be stated in a simplified form prescribed by the secretary;

(D) if a person offers food for sale and has annual gross sales made or business done in sales to consumers that is not more than $500,000 or has annual gross sales made or business done in sales of food to consumers that is not more than $50,000, the requirements of this subsection do not apply to food sold by that person to consumers unless the label or labeling of food offered by that person provides nutrition information or makes a nutrition claim;

(E) if foods are subject to Section 411 of the federal Act, the foods shall comply with Subdivisions (1) and (2) in a manner prescribed by the rules; and

(F) if food is sold by a food distributor, Subdivisions (1) and (2) do not apply if the food distributor principally sells food to restaurants or other establishments in which food is served for immediate human consumption and the food distributor does not manufacture, process, or repackage the food it sells;

(r) if it is a food intended for human consumption and is offered for sale, and a claim is made on the label, labeling, or retail display relating to the nutrient content or a nutritional quality of the food to a specific disease or condition of the human body, except as permitted by Section 403(r) of the federal Act; or

(s) if it is a food intended for human consumption and its label, labeling, and retail display do not comply with the requirements of Section 403(r) of the federal Act pertaining to nutrient content and health claims.

Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 678, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989. Amended by Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 14, Sec. 156, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 459, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1993.

Amended by:

Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1 (S.B. 219), Sec. 3.0965, eff. April 2, 2015.

Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 32 (S.B. 664), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2023.