Sec. 432.109.  REVIEW BY TEXAS COURT OF MILITARY APPEALS.  (a)  The Texas Court of Military Appeals consists of five judges appointed by the adjutant general on the advice and recommendation of the state judge advocate general for staggered six-year terms.  A judge appointed to fill a vacancy occurring before the expiration of the term for which the judge's predecessor was appointed shall be appointed only for the unexpired term of his predecessor.  The adjutant general, on the advice and recommendation of the state judge advocate general, shall appoint the chief judge of the court.  A person is eligible for appointment to the court if the person:
(1)  is a member of the State Bar of Texas;
(2)  is a commissioned officer of the Texas military forces, active or retired, or a retired commissioned officer in the reserves of the armed forces of the United States; and
(3)  has been engaged in the active practice of law for at least five years and has at least five years' experience as a staff judge advocate, judge advocate, or legal officer with the Texas military forces, except that the requirements of this subdivision are satisfied by equivalent experience or practice in the armed forces of the United States.
(b)  The court may promulgate rules of procedure, except that a majority constitutes a quorum and the concurrence of three judges is necessary for a decision of the court.
(c)  Judges of the Texas Court of Military Appeals may be removed by the adjutant general, on notice and hearing, for neglect of duty or malfeasance in office or mental or physical disability.
(d)  If a judge of the Texas Court of Military Appeals is temporarily unable to perform his duties, the adjutant general, on the advice and recommendation of the state judge advocate general, may designate a military judge to fill the office for the period of disability.
(e)  The judges of the Texas Court of Military Appeals, while sitting in review of a matter placed under their jurisdiction by this chapter and while travelling to and from such a session, shall be paid compensation equal to the compensation appropriated by the legislature for judges of the Texas Courts of Appeals, plus the actual cost of their meals and lodging and actual travel expense or the amount set by legislative appropriation if private transportation is used.
(f)  The Texas Court of Military Appeals has appellate jurisdiction, on petition of an accused, to hear and review the record in:
(1)  all general and special court-martial cases;  and
(2)  a summary court-martial case in which a judge of this court has made a determination that there may be a constitutional issue involved.
(g)  An accused may petition the Texas Court of Military Appeals for review of a court-martial conviction not later than the 60th day after the date the accused or the accused's counsel is notified of the final action on the accused's case, whichever date is earlier. If the court fails or refuses to grant the petition for review, the final action of the convening authority is considered approved.  If the court grants a petition for review, the court may grant a stay or defer service of the sentence of confinement or any other punishment under this chapter until the court's final decision on the case.
(h)  In a case reviewable under Subsection (f)(1), the Texas Court of Military Appeals may act only with respect to the findings and sentence as finally approved and ordered executed by the convening authority.  In a case reviewable under Subsection (f)(2), the court need take action only with respect to issues specified in the grant of review.  The court shall take action only with respect to matters of law, and the action of the court is final.
(i)  If the Texas Court of Military Appeals sets aside the findings and sentence, it may order a rehearing, unless the setting aside is based on lack of sufficient evidence in the record to support the findings.  If it sets aside the findings and sentence and does not order a rehearing, it shall order that the charges be dismissed.  After the Texas Court of Military Appeals has acted on the case, the record shall be returned to the state judge advocate general, who shall notify the convening authority of the court's decision.  If further action is required, the state judge advocate general shall instruct the convening authority to take action in accordance with that decision.  If the court has ordered a rehearing, but the convening authority finds a rehearing impracticable, the convening authority may dismiss the charges.
Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 147, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1987.  Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1021, Sec. 14, eff. Sept. 1, 1997;  Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 309, Sec. 9, eff. Sept. 1, 1999.
Amended by: 
Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1217 (S.B. 1536), Sec. 2.05, eff. September 1, 2013.